It may be a dream, but the city is awake

In Hebrew, the word ir usually means city. But in the book of Daniel 4:10 it appears as the word for something else. Nevuchadnetzar recalls his second dream in the book. Among the visions is what is caleld "ir vekadish min shemaya." The word "ir" here refers to an angel, as it also does in the plural for of irin kadishin. The Da'as Mikrah, drawing on a number of classical commentators, explains that the root here is made up of the letters ayin, vav, reysh -- meaning awake. I suppose angels don't sleep. But it struck me how the word for awake is conflated with the word for city -- indeed, the city never sleeps.

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